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penile spines
Many mammalian species have developed keratinized penile spines along the glans and/or shaft, which may be involved in sexual selection. These spines have been described as being simple, single-pointed structures (macaques) or complex with two or three points per spine (strepsirrhines). Penile spine morphology may be related to mating system.
== Non-human mammals ==
Felines, especially domestic cats, are well known for having penile spines. Upon withdrawal of a cat's penis, the spines rake the walls of the female's vagina, which may cause ovulation.
Penile spines in chimpanzees and mice are small surface projections made by the piling up of keratinized cell layers in the outermost skin surface.〔Hill, W.C.O. Note on the male external genitalia of the chimpanzee. ''Proc.Zool.Soc. Lond.'' 116, 129–132 (1946)〕〔Murakami, R. A histological study of the development of the penis of wild-type and androgen-insensitive mice. ''J. Anat.'' 153, 223–231 (1987)〕 They also occur in spotted hyenas, fossas, and echidnas.
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